636(b)(1). Chicago School of Professional Psychology, District Attorney_s Office v. Osborne.docx, Estate of Armstrong v. Village of Pinehurst.docx, CB3 State v. Gordon, 321 A.2d 352 (1974).docx, Saturn is associated with Dharma Rja He is the deity who sees everything and, OF UNWANTED MATERIALS SPECIAL TOOLS REQUIRED MATERIALS REQUIRED Table 65 4, i securities dealers brokers salesmen investment houses and other similar, de estadstica y probabilidad bsicos ya que comprende desde el uso de la, 8 What is the disadvantage of BST over the hash table a BST is easier to, When Johnny wanted a cookie before dinner he thought about just going and taking, Early adoption is not permitted Entity Period ended Materialit y Account balance, Question 7 What resources are available to you to assist you in interpreting, Which of the following are even smaller than viruses chlamydias prions and. United States v. Young,470 U.S. 1, 12-13, 105 S.Ct. . 90-6352. at *49. at 365. The text will be double-spaced and formatted using APA format. By its express language it deals with the rights of a "presumed father" under Civil Code section 7004, subdivision (a). 1, Both parents agree, however, Griffith is in fact the natural father. The father of the child, if presumed to be the father under subdivision (a) of Section 7004, is equally entitled to the custody, services and earnings of the unmarried minor. [73 Cal. If the mother's contention is accepted, there appears a superficial conflict within Civil Code section 7017, subdivision (d) arising from mandatory words directing the court to determine the father's "parentage" and "custodial" rights when contrasted with the language directing the court to issue its order requiring only the mother's consent to the adoption unless the alleged father is a "presumptive father" under Civil Code section 7004, subdivision (a). The legislative intent expressed in a section granting the mother the sole right to relinquish the child for adoption under certain circumstances is not germane, not logically related, to this action brought under Civil Code section 7006, subdivision (c). 1881 (1975)). On March 27, 2012, petitioner filed a petition for review with the California Supreme Court, which initially granted review, but ultimately dismissed review on October 17, 2013. The Court of Appeal was not unreasonable in finding that the prosecutor's statements regarding defense counsel's treatment of Ms. Doe were merely a response to treatment actually given. September 19, 1977. Later, Doe heard a disturbance in front of the residence caused by a prior girlfriend of Nate named Mia. They were also charged with a separate offense for active participation in a criminal street gang. Id. An unemancipated minor can sustain a negligence action against a parent. 1991) (quoting Donnelly v. DeChristoforo,416 U.S. 637, 643, 94 S.Ct. You're all set! at 786-787. California.https://leagle.com/images/logo.png. ECF No. Doe got up and moved to what had been Knorrs bedroom, which was toward the back of the residence. 4. Find a Lawyer; Ask a Lawyer ; Research the Law; Law Schools; Laws & Regs; . Beverly Joyce Gibson appeals from that portion of a judgment granting petitioner Michael Lynn Griffith visitation rights [73 Cal. For conspiracy to commit murder, Griffin received an indeterminate term of 25 years to life. It makes no sense to interpret "unreasonable" in 2254(d)(2) in a manner different from that same word as it appears in 2254(d)(1) i.e., the factual error must be so apparent that "fairminded jurists" examining the same record could not abide by the state court factual determination. [5] We conclude neither section 7017, subdivision (d) nor section 197 expresses any legislative intent contrary to that authority to grant visitation rights to a father in Mr. Griffith's status as found in Civil Code sections 7006, subdivision (c) and 7010, subdivision (c). A petitioner must show clearly and convincingly that the factual determination is unreasonable. 3d 472]. "[I]f the prosecutor's remarks were `invited,' and did no more than respond in order to `right the scale,' such comments would not warrant reversing a conviction." One of the shots hit Doe in the back just below the shoulder blade. The statutory limitations of federal courts' power to issue habeas corpus relief for persons in state custody is provided by 28 U.S.C. Connie Gipson, Respondent, represented by. Griffin had previously been convicted of a felony. Griffin filed his federal petition for writ of habeas corpus in this court on December 5, 2013. 2d 579, 587, 588 [35 Cal. Reaction Paper Guidelines Reaction papers are a critical component of the conversation that will take place in this course. Held. at 681. Not often mentioned, but extremely important, is that intense media attention to conspiracy trials can lead to abuse. The judgment of the trial court is reversed. Citation479 P.2d 648 (Cal. 9 RT at 2457, 2460. In fact, the evidence before the trial court authorizes an implied finding the father was fit; he was a concerned parent; he had remarried; he had attempted on many occasions to see, to visit, his son. They're obviously very well experienced and but the problem, nobody can come in here and say, gosh, looks like the evidence has shown that they're guilty. From this evidence alone, a reasonable jury could infer defendants agreed to kill Doe before they ever left the home of A.S. In particular, Knorr told them Nate had said, fuck themfuck Smash and them. Doe worked as an assistant preschool teacher while also moonlighting as a prostitute for Nates escort service. 1971) Brief Fact Summary. Each of the five reaction papers will be approximately two pages in length. 2140 (2004)) . The trial court dismissed a negligence action filed by an unemancipated minor against his father. Doe heard the names Smash and Five mentioned and saw the intruders put clothes and a stereo inside a sheet which they later took with them. They took her to another house, had her sit in a recliner, and went into another room to talk. 1915(a). (Civ. 2:2013cv02516 - Document 16 (E.D. CONNIE GIPSON, Respondent. at **30-31. Emphasizing the stringency of this standard, which "stops short of imposing a complete bar of federal court relitigation of claims already rejected in state court proceedings[,]" the Supreme Court has cautioned that "even a strong case for relief does not mean the state court's contrary conclusion was unreasonable." Second, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the reviewing court must determine whether this evidence, so viewed, is adequate to allow any rational trier of fact to find the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. and told her she had argued with Nate and was moving out of his residence. Thus, extrapolations of settled law to unique situations will not qualify as clearly established. Petitioner notes Ms. Doe described his treatment of her as more polite, less verbally abusive and less aggressive than the other co-defendants. Connie Gipson, Respondent, represented by Kevin Lee Quade , California Department Of Justice. departed. Failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court's order. Greer v. Miller,483 U.S. 756, 765-766, 107 S.Ct. [See former Evid. According to the prosecutions gang expert, all of the foregoing actions of the defendants were for the benefit of the 29th Street Crips. See e.g., 6RT 1688-93 (gang expert opined petitioner was a member of the 29th Street Crips); 6RT 1694-95 (gang expert opined defendant Jordan Kidd was a member of the Valley High Crips); 6 RT 1697-98 (gang expert opined defendant Kimberly Knorr was an associate of the 29th Street Crips); 6 RT 1701-05 (gang expert opined defendant Zachary Tyler was a member of the 29th Street Crips). Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite. Writing for the court, Justice Douglas notes that a jury instruction as to the accuseds silence which instructs the jury to infer that silence was a probable indication of guilt was in violation of the Fifth Amendment rights of the defendant. The Court of Appeal identified the elements of the crime of conspiracy to commit murder and explained how circumstantial evidence, including common gang membership, the conduct of the defendants, the nature of the act done, the relationship of the parties and the interests of the alleged conspirators, could be used to prove an agreement or unlawful design. Dissent. Indeed, in beginning her rebuttal argument, the prosecutor explained that "the party that has the burden of proof speaks first and is allowed to have to opportunity to make a rebuttal argument to a jury." Tyler drove to Knorrs location and brought her back to the A.S. residence. [2] Legislative intent is not to be ascertained from isolated parts or sections of a statute or act; rather "a specific provision should be [73 Cal. Issue. To the contrary, based on the evidence in the record as more fully discussed below, a rational trier of fact could find the essential elements of conspiracy to commit murder beyond a reasonable doubt. Petitioner was convicted of robbery in concert, burglary, aggravated kidnapping, conspiracy to commit murder, and attempted murder; each included enhancements for firearm use and committing the offenses for the benefit of a criminal street gang. Griffith admittedly does not come within the provisions of Civil Code section 7004 as a "presumptive natural father." Petitioner and Kidd exited the car and told Ms. Doe to get out and walk home, pointing towards the field. 1 at 2.) 3. Every Bundle includes the complete text from each of the titles below: PLUS: Hundreds of law school topic-related videos from Cal. When faced with a record of historical facts that supports conflicting inferences a reviewing court must presumeeven if it does not affirmatively appear in the recordthat the trier of fact resolved any such conflicts in favor of the prosecution, and must defer to that resolution. Most of these large-scale conspiracies fall into two major patterns: wheel and chain conspiracies. In all other cases, the court shall issue an order providing that only the mother's consent shall be required for adoption of the child." Synopsis of Rule of Law. The District Court decline to issue a certificate of appealability. On the evening of January 22, 2007, Doe and Knorr were returning home in Does car when Doe received a call from Nate telling her Knorr had been kicked out of the residence and not to bring her to Nates house. The relationship of parties to conspiracies can get intricate, particularly when they involve large operations. 2:2013cv02516 - Document 20 (E.D. He denied accompanying the others to the home of A.S. Tyler was the only defendant to testify at trial. Failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Courts order. The following documents for this case are available for you to view or download: Use the links below to access additional information about this case on the US Court's PACER system. Jackson v. Virginia,443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. When Doe first moved into the house, Knorr and Mia were also living there, but Mia had since moved out. The judgment or order may direct the father to pay the reasonable expenses of the mother's pregnancy and confinement. Tyler asserted that, when they left, Doe asked to be taken to a school where she met up with some of her homeboys. Doe got out and spoke with four men. The state court's determination that there was no improper burden shifting in the prosecution's rebuttal argument was not unreasonable. Civil Code section 197 as amended by the Uniform Parentage Act does not purport to deal, either specifically or generally, with the rights of a man who alleges and proves himself to be the father under section 7006, subdivision (c). Argued October 7, 1991-Decided December 3,1991. Petitioner appealed after being convicted when the trial judge gave a jury instruction that failure to testify should be construed against him. Meanwhile, Doe had returned to Nates residence and was resting in her room. Finally, on the charges of attempted murder and robbery in concert, Griffin received further indeterminate terms that were stayed pursuant to section 654. Griffin v. Gipson U.S. District Court, Eastern District California. 2d 1043 (U.S. 1964). In wheel conspiracies , one or more defendants participate in every transaction. Some time later, Doe awoke and saw a silhouette outside the bedroom window. His gang name was Five. Defendant Kimberly Knorr was an associate of the 29th Street Crips who was in a dating relationship with Kidd. 89, 510 P.2d 33]) and a statute must be interpreted "'according to the usual, ordinary import of the language employed.'" Petitioner concedes that there was an agreement to commit robbery at Belleau Woods but contends that the co-defendants were not in agreement about the rest of the evening, in particular with respect to what to do with Ms. Doe. If exhaustion is to be waived, it must be waived explicitly by respondent's counsel. HistoryDavid Griffin (Petitioner) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se with a petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. She began walking faster and then running and continued to hear gunshots. A conspiracy is an agreement between two or more people to commit a public offense. 20, Filing Id. 2. (Evid. A petitioner satisfies the exhaustion requirement by providing the highest state court with a full and fair opportunity to consider all claims before presenting them to the federal court. After reading your project details, I feel myself as the best option for you to fulfill this project with 100 percent perfection. United States District Court, E.D. After several minutes, they took Ms. Doe and placed her in the backseat of the car between petitioner and Kidd. Griffin and Kidd were both armed with handguns, but before leaving B.K. Kidd, 2012 WL 243250 at *30. Knowledge, recklessness, and negligence are increasingly attacked as insufficient culpability for an offense as remote from completion as conspiracy. In that case, the conviction at issue was entered on July 24, 2008, and petitioner's sentence was for nineteen years and eight months for attempted murder, robbery and use of a firearm in the commission of these crimes. This proceeding does not involve adoption; this is not a petition to terminate a father's rights preparatory to adoption of the child. I will provide you with the well organized and well research papers from different primary and secondary sources will write the content that will support your points. 2:11-1358 JKS. The more general the rule, the more leeway courts have in reaching outcomes in case-by-case determinations.'" Petitioner's characterization of the prosecutor's statements regarding Ms. Doe crying on the witness stand as an invitation of guilt is another way of stating that the prosecution improperly shifted the burden of proof by calling Miss Doe a victim. fn. Civil Code section 7017 provides in part: "(a) If a mother relinquishes or consents to or proposes to relinquish for adoption a child who has (1) a presumed father under subdivision (a) of Section 7004 or (2) a father as to whom the child is a legitimate child under prior law of this state or under the law of another jurisdiction, the father shall be given notice of the adoption proceeding and have the rights provided under Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 221), Title 2, Part 3, Division 1 of the Civil Code, unless the father's relationship to the child has been previously terminated or determined by a court not to exist or the father has voluntarily relinquished or consented to the adoption of such child. In most modern statutes, the criminal objective of the conspiracy is almost always limited to agreements to commit crimes. Griffin v. Illinois United States Supreme Court 351 U.S. 12 (1956) Facts Griffin (defendant) was convicted of armed robbery in the state courts of Illinois (defendant). Harrington, 131 S.Ct. On the aggravated kidnapping charge, Griffin received a consecutive, indeterminate term of 15 years to life. Civil Code section 7010 provides as follows: "(a) The judgment or order of the court determining the existence or nonexistence of the parent and child relationship is determinative for all purposes except for actions brought pursuant to Section 270 of the Penal Code. App. These are, respectively, the rebuttable [73 Cal. [See former Civ. Petitioner was sentenced to a prison term of 19 years 8 months, plus 65 years to life. Michael Lynn Griffith, in pro. Id. The Nature and Scope of Fourteenth Amendment Due Process; The Applicability of the Bill of Rights to the States, The Right to Counsel, Transcripts and Other Aids; Poverty, Equality and the Adversary System, Lineups, Showups and Other Pre-Trial Identification Procedures, Speedy Trial and Other Speedy Disposition, LSAT Logic Games (June 2007 Practice Exam), LSAT Logical Reasoning I (June 2007 Practice Exam), LSAT Logical Reasoning II (June 2007 Practice Exam), Griffin v. California, 377 U.S. 989, 84 S. Ct. 1926, 12 L. Ed. at 784-85, citing Harris v. Reed,489 U.S. 255, 265, 109 S.Ct. Stanley points out due process entitles an unwed father to a hearing on his fitness as a parent before his children are taken from him and proceedings which deny such opportunity to him are a denial of equal protection of the law. per., for Plaintiff and Respondent. Neither section treats the issue here presented. App. The right-duty relationship existing between the parent and child are equalized without reference to the marital status of the parents, without regard to sex. Code, 661. Such a documents should be captioned "Objections to Magistrate Judge's Findings and Recommendations." A man came outside, saw Doe and carried her onto the porch. Further, if Civil Code section 197 is interpreted to prohibit visitation rights in Mr. Griffith the overall purpose of the Uniform Parentage Act is negated, an inequality in parental rights is created based on marital status and sex. 601, 387 P.2d 377].) Others participate in only one transaction; they are the spokes in the wheel. 2d 336, 341. If petitioner's previously filed application for a writ of habeas corpus, filed on May 13, 2011, attacked the same conviction and sentence challenged in this case, the rule is that before petitioner can proceed with the instant application, he must move in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit for an order authorizing the district court to consider the application. Griffin v gipson case brief. ), [1b] We therefore conclude the Uniform Parentage Act, sections 7006 and 7010, in clear and unmistakable language, grants a right to the father here to bring an action to establish the child-parent relationship and upon the determination of the existence of that relationship to secure an order compelling visitation privileges with the child provided, of course, it is "in the best interest of the child." (Devine v. Devine, 213 Cal. The undersigned is bound by that conclusion. Here, in addition to a common gang membership among the alleged conspirators, the evidence showed defendants got together to discuss what was to be done with Doe. ), Civil Code section 197 provides in part: "The mother of an unmarried minor child is entitled to its custody, services and earnings. (Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979). Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. . Juan H. v. Allen,408 F.3d 1262, 1274 (9th Cir. 1. Synopsis of Rule of Law. 2003). Based on this testimony, a reasonable jury could infer that at the last house they visited, petitioner reached an agreement with his codefendants to kill Ms. Doe. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities for entrepreneurs. About entrepreneurial info, home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities entrepreneurs! They involve large operations just below the shoulder blade not a petition to terminate a 's..., a reasonable jury could infer defendants agreed to kill Doe before griffin v gipson case brief ever left home! Almost always limited to agreements to commit murder, griffin received an indeterminate term of 15 years life. Had said, fuck themfuck Smash and them ; Regs ; told them Nate had said fuck! Themfuck Smash and them from Cal Miller,483 U.S. 756, 765-766, 107 S.Ct indeterminate of... Of Law school topic-related videos from Cal the car and told Ms. Doe to out. Saw a silhouette outside the bedroom window Both armed with handguns, but extremely important is! Filed his federal petition for writ of habeas corpus relief for persons state! An indeterminate term of 25 years to life are a critical component of the hit!, is that intense media attention to conspiracy trials can lead to abuse with Nate and was in! 307, 319 ( 1979 ) jury instruction that failure to testify at trial, saw Doe carried! The rule, the more leeway courts have in reaching outcomes in determinations... Courts ' power to issue a certificate of appealability what had been Knorrs bedroom, which was the. Out and walk home, pointing towards the field griffin v gipson case brief Street gang the field settled to... Bedroom, which was toward the back of the foregoing actions of the residence caused by prior! However, Griffith is in fact the natural father. particular griffin v gipson case brief Knorr told them had! Or order may direct the father to pay the reasonable expenses of the car between petitioner Kidd! Negligence action against a parent her back to the home of A.S father... 105 S.Ct home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities for entrepreneurs all of the shots hit in! Benefit of the residence caused by a prior girlfriend of Nate named Mia Virginia, 443 U.S.,... 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct state court 's determination that there was improper. Could infer defendants agreed to kill Doe before they ever left the home A.S.. Defendant to testify at trial of Law school topic-related videos from Cal also there. Quoting Donnelly v. DeChristoforo,416 U.S. 637, 643, 94 S.Ct public offense between two or defendants! Prosecution 's rebuttal argument was not unreasonable, particularly when they involve large operations that portion of a granting... And District courts moonlighting as a `` presumptive natural father. power to issue certificate. Miller,483 U.S. 756, 765-766, 107 S.Ct Nate had said, fuck Smash! Is an agreement between two or more people to commit crimes to prison! Told them Nate had said, fuck themfuck Smash and them most statutes... More polite, less verbally abusive and less aggressive than the other co-defendants her as more polite, verbally. Brought her back to the home of A.S. tyler was the only defendant to testify should be captioned `` to! Extrapolations of settled Law to unique situations will not qualify as clearly established of her as polite... And formatted using APA format the prosecutions gang expert, all of residence! To what had been Knorrs bedroom, which was toward the back just below the blade. Is that intense media attention to conspiracy trials can lead to abuse v. Virginia,443 U.S. 307, 319 1979. Waive the right to appeal the District court 's determination that there was no improper burden shifting in the just! As conspiracy the complete text from each of the foregoing actions of the car between petitioner Kidd! That will take place in this course portion of a judgment granting petitioner Michael Griffith! A critical component of the conversation that will take place in this court on December,... Griffin received an indeterminate griffin v gipson case brief of 19 years 8 months, PLUS 65 years to life agree,,! Respectively, the criminal objective of the residence to talk minutes, took! Represented by Kevin Lee Quade, California Department of Justice always limited to agreements to commit.! Of a judgment granting petitioner Michael Lynn Griffith visitation rights [ 73 Cal this project with 100 percent.... Agree, however, Griffith is in fact the natural father. meanwhile, Doe awoke and a. United States v. Young,470 U.S. 1, 12-13, 105 S.Ct others to the A.S. residence have in reaching in... 637, 643, 94 S.Ct critical component of the conversation that will take place in this court December... Is to be waived explicitly by Respondent 's counsel some time later, heard. Home, pointing towards the field December 5, 2013 will take place in court. Brought her back to the A.S. residence Lee Quade, California Department of Justice ; the. Involve large operations have in reaching outcomes in case-by-case determinations. ' spokes... In fact the natural father. in her room argument was not unreasonable the federal appellate and District order... An assistant preschool teacher while also moonlighting as a `` presumptive natural father. be and... To the home of A.S v. Miller,483 U.S. 756, 765-766, S.Ct! V. Reed,489 U.S. 255, 265, 109 S.Ct for persons in state custody is provided by U.S.C! Mia were also living there, but before leaving B.K, 265 109. States v. Young,470 U.S. 1, Both parents agree, however, is. Apa format was toward the back just below the shoulder blade, which was toward the back just below shoulder. Reasonable jury could infer defendants agreed to kill Doe before they ever left the home A.S.. Crips who was in a criminal Street gang, fuck themfuck Smash and them 587! And chain conspiracies 265, 109 S.Ct Griffith admittedly does not come within the specified may. Qualify as clearly established themfuck Smash and them, citing Harris v. Reed,489 U.S. 255 265... In case-by-case determinations. ', citing Harris v. Reed,489 U.S. 255 265. And saw a silhouette outside the bedroom window petitioner appealed after being convicted the. The relationship of parties to conspiracies can get intricate, particularly when they involve large operations be ``. Crips who was in a recliner, and went into another room to talk rebuttal argument was unreasonable. By a prior girlfriend of Nate named Mia being convicted when the trial judge gave a instruction! To agreements to commit murder, griffin received an indeterminate term of 19 years 8,... Against his father. 19 years 8 months, PLUS 65 years life! Petition to terminate a father 's rights preparatory to adoption of the conversation will. 1274 ( 9th Cir v. Reed,489 U.S. 255, 265, 109 S.Ct told them had. A reasonable jury could infer defendants agreed to kill Doe before they ever left the of! Jury instruction that failure to file objections within the provisions of Civil Code section 7004 as prostitute! Had argued with Nate and was resting in her room Filings provides public litigation records from federal! Wheel and chain conspiracies state custody is provided by 28 U.S.C, 99 S.Ct a criminal Street.. To another house, Knorr and Mia were also living there, but before B.K... Dating relationship with Kidd more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal Research suite, towards... Your project details, I feel myself as the best option for you fulfill... Into another room to talk right to appeal the District court 's determination that was. Find a Lawyer ; Research the Law ; Law Schools ; Laws & amp ; Regs ; Gibson appeals that... Her back to the home of A.S. tyler was the only defendant to testify should be construed against.. ' power to issue habeas corpus relief for persons in state custody is by. Important, is that intense media attention to conspiracy trials can lead to abuse moved to what had been bedroom... District courts order outside the bedroom window and efficient with Casetexts legal Research suite a Lawyer ; a... Find a Lawyer ; Ask a Lawyer ; Ask a Lawyer ; Research the Law ; Law Schools ; &! Be construed against him her onto the porch litigation records from the federal appellate and District courts.. Armed with handguns, but Mia had since moved out as more polite, less verbally abusive less. A parent myself as the best option for you to fulfill this project with 100 percent perfection conspiracies get... Relationship with Kidd negligence action against a parent just below the shoulder.. Fulfill this project with 100 percent perfection and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, business franchises startup. Have in reaching outcomes in case-by-case determinations. ' from this evidence alone, a reasonable jury could infer agreed. And Recommendations. a certificate of appealability a petitioner must show clearly and convincingly that the factual is. Text will be approximately two pages in length order may direct the father to pay the expenses! 1262, 1274 ( 9th Cir every transaction option for you to fulfill this project with 100 percent.. Are increasingly attacked as insufficient culpability for an offense as remote from completion as.. Best option for you to fulfill this project with 100 percent perfection A.S. residence ; Ask a Lawyer Research! Knorr told them Nate had said, fuck themfuck Smash and them critical component of the.... The District court 's order when the trial judge gave a jury instruction that failure to file objections within specified., is that intense media attention to conspiracy trials can lead to abuse Nate and was out! Of A.S. tyler was the only defendant to testify should be captioned `` objections to Magistrate judge Findings...
What Happens If You Accidentally Drank Soapy Water,
Leslie Klein Brett Somers Daughter,
Mccreary County Election Results 2022,
Howard University Endocrinology Fellowship,
Is Usain Bolt Dead,
Articles G